二元户籍制度、二元就业制度、二元收入分配制度、二元社会保障制度、二元公共品提供制度、财权与事权不对称的财政体制是我国城乡不平等的制度根源。要从树立平等理念、改革户籍制度、减轻农民负担、构建农村社会保障制度等方面着眼,切实解决城乡不平等问题。 Dual household registration system, dual employment system, dual income distribution system, dual social security system, binary public goods provision system, financial rights and power asymmetry in the financial system is the institutional root cause of urban-rural inequality in China. We should focus on establishing an equal concept, reforming the household registration system, lightening the peasants’ burden and establishing a rural social security system so as to effectively solve the urban-rural inequality.