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结构优化是汽车轻量化设计的重要途径之一。基于型材制造的载重型汽车框架结构在力学上具备梁结构的特征,以框架的线形梁计算模型为优化对象,代替实体梁结构模型进行结构优化设计,并基于进退搜索法思想和补偿法思想,提出了接点位置优化和截面尺寸优化两种优化方法。整个优化过程分两个阶段进行:首先对结构进行接点位置优化,以降低结构应力,均匀应力分布;随后进行截面尺寸优化,确定梁的最优截面尺寸。算例分析表明:结构经过优化设计后,不但满足了力学性能的要求,而且整体重量有所降低,应力分布也更加均匀。
Structural optimization is one of the important ways to design lightweight vehicles. The frame structure of truck-mounted automobile based on profile has the characteristics of beam structure mechanics, and the linear beam calculation model of frame is the optimization object, instead of the solid beam structure model to optimize the structure design. Based on the thought of advance and retreat search method and compensation method, Two optimization methods of joint location optimization and section size optimization are proposed. The whole optimization process is divided into two stages: First, the structure of the joint location optimization to reduce the structural stress, uniform stress distribution; followed by cross-sectional size optimization to determine the optimal beam size. The case study shows that the optimized structure of the structure not only meets the requirements of mechanical properties, but also reduces the overall weight and the stress distribution more evenly.