从李嘉图到当今的传统经济学理论,都是根据比较利益法则来证明国际劳动分工的有效性。相反,批评家们(主要是正统的马克思主义批评家们)认为,这种国际劳动分工是不公平的,因为它是建立在不相等的劳动投入交换基础上的,尤其是它含有发达国家对不发达国家的剥削。因此,我们不仅遇到了包含着资源配置效用与公平分配之间的传统冲突的国际贸 From Ricardo to today’s traditional economic theory, the validity of the international division of labor is all proved by the principle of comparative advantage. On the contrary, critics (mainly orthodox Marxist critics) argue that such an international division of labor is unfair because it is based on unequal exchange of labor inputs, in particular that it contains developed Exploitation in underdeveloped countries. Therefore, not only have we encountered an international trade embracing the traditional conflict between the allocation of resources and the equitable distribution