蒙文通指出:“中國學術,建安、正始而還,天寶、大曆而還,正德、嘉靖而還,並晚周為四大變局,皆力摧舊說,別啟新途。”~②作為中國古典時期學術的最後一大變局,明代正德、嘉靖之後的學術表現出類似西方文藝復興時期“人的重新發現”與“世界的重新發現”的特徵,其特點可概括為:“抗議權威,衝破囚縛,立論尖新而不夠成熟。”~③這些特點反映在史學上,一是規模宏大、氣派非凡的官修正統史學變成了百花齊放的私家撰述;二是不加甄別、缺乏學術價值的史料彙編變成了對材料有選擇、有批判的治史方法。前一點集中 Meng Wen Tong pointed out: “Chinese scholarship, Jian An, just beginning and still, Tempo, Dali and Masanori, Jiajing and also, and late in the week for the four major changes, all force destroy the old saying, do not start a new way.” As the last major change in academic history in ancient China, the academic achievements after the Masters of Justice and Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty showed characteristics similar to those of the “rediscovery of the world” and “rediscovery of the world” in the Western Renaissance. Summarized as: “Protest authority, break through the prisoner bondage, the argument is sharp and not mature enough. ” ~ ③ These characteristics are reflected in the history, one large-scale, extraordinary style of official Orthodox historiography into a flourishing private writing; It is an indiscriminate collection of historical materials lacking academic value, which has become a method of choosing materials with a critical history. A little concentrated before