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目的：了解抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体（ANCA）在国内溃疡性结肠炎（UC）病人中的阳性率、对UC的诊断意义及其与病理改变之间的关系。方法：间接免疫荧光法检测ANCA；常规病理学观察肠粘膜炎症程度及肠粘膜血管炎。结果：40例UC病人中13例（32．5％）ANCA阳性，而15例肠易激综合征，4例克隆病，15例其它原因引起腹泻的病人，以及49例健康对照全部ANCA阴性。ANCA对UC的敏感性和特异性分别为32．5％和100％。病理学检查发现，ANCA阳性者肠粘膜炎症程度较重，粘膜血管炎发生率较高。结论：ANCA对鉴别UC与其他腹泻性疾病有意义；ANCA可能通过介导肠粘膜血管炎参与UC的发病。
Objective: To investigate the positive rate of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in China and its significance in the diagnosis of UC and its relationship with pathological changes. Methods: ANCA was detected by indirect immunofluorescence method. The degree of intestinal mucosal inflammation and intestinal vasculitis were observed by routine pathology. Results: Of the 40 UC patients, 13 (32.5%) were ANCA-positive, while 15 were IBS, 4 Crohn’s disease, 15 were other causes of diarrhea, and 49 were all ANCA-negative. The sensitivity and specificity of ANCA for UC were 32.5% and 100%, respectively. Pathological examination found that ANCA-positive intestinal mucosal inflammation is more serious, higher incidence of mucosal vasculitis. Conclusion: ANCA may be useful in distinguishing UC from other diarrheal diseases. ANCA may be involved in the pathogenesis of UC by mediating intestinal mucositis.