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汉语和英语的句子成分基本上是相同的,它们都包含着主语、谓语,宾语、定语和状语。汉语还有补语。它们的表示法也有许多相同的地方:如主语和宾语主要是由名词或代词来表示,谓语主要是由动词来表示等等。但是这两种语言之间仍有其语法上各种的差异。不了解汉英句子成分表示法的差异,常常以汉语句子成分表示法代替英语句子成分表示法,是学生在汉译英和造句时造成错误的重要原因之一。为了帮助学生克服和减少这方面的错误,本文拟从中学教学的角度出发,谈谈怎样帮助学生认识和处理汉英句子成分表示法的差异问题。
The sentence components in Chinese and English are basically the same. They all contain subjects, predicates, objects, attributives, and adverbials. Chinese also has a complement. Their representation also has many similarities: if the subject and object are mainly represented by nouns or pronouns, the predicate is mainly represented by verbs, and so on. However, there are still grammatical differences between the two languages. Without understanding the difference between the English and Chinese sentence component representations, the Chinese sentence component representation method is often used instead of the English sentence component representation method. This is one of the important reasons why students make errors when translating English into Chinese and making sentences. In order to help students overcome and reduce the mistakes in this area, this article intends to discuss how to help students understand and handle the differences in sentence composition between Chinese and English from the perspective of secondary school teaching.