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目的调查分析广州市竣工验收阶段的公共场所建设项目单位集中空调通风系统卫生状况,探索在集中空调通风系统投入使用前清洗及监测的重要性。方法抽检2012年及2013年上半年达到卫生学竣工验收要求的使用集中空调通风系统的公共场所建设项目单位(酒店、商场)共20家,按照《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》(WS394-2012)要求进行检测,并将检测结果与已投入使用并通过卫生许可的公共场所的同期监测作比较。结果集中空调风管内表面的积尘量、β-溶血性链球菌的合格率均为100.00%,细菌总数及真菌总数的合格率分别为94.00%及95.20%;送风中PM10、细菌总数、真菌总数的合格率分别为77.52%、64.39%及76.00%,β-溶血性链球菌的合格率为100.00%;冷却水嗜肺军团菌的合格率为100.00%。20家公共场所建设项目单位集中空调卫生检测的总体合格率为35.00%,同期监测已投入使用并获得卫生许可的公共场所36间,其集中空调的总体合格率为86.11%;两者合格率间差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.399,P=0.000)。结论公共场所建设项目单位的集中空调通风系统在投入使用前除了应该要先清洗、通风、并通过卫生学评价及检测合格外,卫生部门在项目单位的集中空调系统安装前应先对其设计进行预防性卫生评价,提出合理的建议,确保集中空调投入使用后输送空气的卫生质量。
Objective To investigate and analyze the hygiene condition of air conditioning and ventilation systems in public places in Guangzhou during the acceptance phase of construction and to explore the importance of cleaning and monitoring before the centralized air conditioning and ventilation systems are put into use. Methods A total of 20 construction sites (hotels, shopping malls) of public places using centralized air-conditioning and ventilation systems, which meet the hygiene acceptance requirements in 2012 and the first half of 2013, were sampled. According to the hygiene regulations of central air-conditioning and ventilation systems in public places (WS394- 2012) requires testing and comparing the results with contemporaneous monitoring of public places already in use and sanitation approved. Results The amount of dust on the inner surface of the air-conditioning duct, the pass rate of β-hemolytic streptococcus were 100.00%, the total number of bacteria and the total number of fungi were 94.00% and 95.20%, respectively; airborne PM10, total bacteria, fungi The qualified rates of the total number were 77.52%, 64.39% and 76.00%, respectively. The pass rate of β-hemolytic streptococcus was 100.00%. The pass rate of Legionella pneumophila in cooling water was 100.00%. In the 20 public places, the overall qualification rate of centralized air-conditioning and hygienic testing was 35.00%. In the same period, 36 public places that had been put into use and obtained health permits were allowed. The overall pass rate of centralized air-conditioners was 86.11% The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 15.399, P = 0.000). Conclusions In addition to the cleanliness and ventilation of the centralized air-conditioning and ventilation system of the project units in public places, the design and implementation of the centralized air-conditioning system of the project unit should be carried out prior to installation by the health department. Preventive health evaluation, put forward reasonable suggestions to ensure the quality of hygienic air conveying air after it is put into use.