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当今世界,科学技术日新月异,以信息和生物技术为代表的高新投术及其产业迅速发展。铜在电讯传播中的位置被以沙子为原料的玻璃纤维取代,一千克钚元素可提供比一片森林还多的能源,经杂交培育的种子可以使每亩水稻产量增加几倍。这些神话般的人间奇迹,都是技术进步和财创新的结果。 所谓技术创新是,指一项新产品或新工艺概念由产生、经过研究、开发、工程化、商品化生产到市场销售的整个过程的一系列活动的总和。“创新”和发明不同,它的含义更广泛。一个构想在实验室里证明是可行时,这个构想称之为发明,只有它能够以合理的规模和切合实际的成本,稳定地加以重复生产的时候,这个构想才能称之为“创新”。可见,“创新”的实质是新生产要素与生产条件的组合。
In today’s world, with the ever-changing science and technology, high-tech investment and its industries represented by information and biotechnology are developing rapidly. Copper’s location in telecommunications is being replaced by sand-fed glass fibers, one kilogram of plutonium that provides more energy than one forest, and the cross-breeding of seeds can multiply the yield of rice per acre. These fabulous human miracles are the result of technological progress and financial innovation. The so-called technological innovation refers to the sum of a series of activities from the concept of a new product or new process through the research, development, engineering, commercial production to marketing. “Innovation” differs from invention in that it has a broader meaning. When an idea proves to be viable in a laboratory, the idea is called an invention, and the idea can be called “innovation” only if it can be replicated steadily at a reasonable scale and at a realistic cost. It can be seen that the essence of “innovation” is a combination of new production factors and production conditions.