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目的了解接种国产人用狂犬病疫苗后的抗体产生效果,为加强狂犬疫苗预防接种工作提供依据。方法对2013-2015年来我中心接种狂犬疫苗后的人群血清抗体进行检测,采用间接ELISA法测狂犬病毒抗体,对相关检测结果进行统计学分析。结果全程免疫接种者1892人,血清狂犬抗体阳性率为97.20%,未完成全程接种者51人,抗体阳性率为41.18%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=381,P<0.01);全程免疫者中,检测男性血清961份,抗体阳性率为96.77%,女性血清931份,抗体阳性率为97.64%,不同性别抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.29,P>0.05);全程免疫者各年龄组间血清抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=48.62,P<0.05),抗体阳性率随年龄增长有逐渐下降趋势,60岁一组抗体阳性率显著低于60岁以下各组;抗体阳性率四季差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.97,P>0.05);各年度抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.95,P>0.05);第一次全程免疫后抗体检测阴性者53人,经加强1针免疫20 d后测定抗体,51份转阳性,阳转率为96.23%。结论按规定全程接种狂犬疫苗才能保障有效产生抗体预防该病,抗体阳性率随年龄增长有逐渐下降趋势,加强免疫效果较好,免疫功能较低的老年人及免疫失败者进行加强免疫很必要。
Objective To understand the antibody production effect after inoculation of domestic human rabies vaccine and provide the basis for strengthening rabies vaccine vaccination. Methods Serum antibodies of rabies vaccines were tested in our center from 2013 to 2015. Antibody against rabies virus was detected by indirect ELISA, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results The whole immunization population was 1892, the positive rate of serum rabies antibody was 97.20%, 51 patients did not complete the course of vaccination, the positive rate of antibody was 41.18%, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 381, P <0.01 ). Among the whole immunized men, 961 serum samples were detected, the positive rate of the antibody was 96.77%, the positive rate of the antibody was 97.64%, the positive rate of the antibody was 96.67% (χ ~ 2 = 1.29, P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the positive rate of serum antibody among all age groups (χ ~ 2 = 48.62, P <0.05). The positive rate of antibody decreased gradually with the increase of age. (Χ ~ 2 = 3.97, P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of antibody between years (χ ~ 2 = 0.95, P> 0.05) ). After the first immunization, 53 were negative for antibody test. After 20 days of intensive immunization, antibodies were detected and 51 were positive. The positive rate was 96.23%. Conclusion It is necessary to vaccinate rabies vaccine in the whole process to prevent the disease effectively. Antibody positive rate gradually declines with age. It is necessary to strengthen the immune system and immunosuppression in elderly with lower immune function.