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我国土地辽阔,物产丰富,要建设强大的社会主义工业化国家,发展交通运输十分重要,铁路运输量大,是重要的现代化交通工具。这一课的教材重点是要求学生理解掌握全国铁路网知识。 讲全国铁路应从旧中国谈起。旧中国的铁路很少,而且分布极不合理。从1876年上海境内修筑第一条铁路到1949年解放前夕的73年,共修建铁路24,000公里,绝大部分建在东北和东部沿海各省。主要还是日、俄等帝国主义国家为了军事占领和掠夺资源修筑的,广大西南、西北地区几乎没有铁路。 新中国成立以后,特别重视铁路建设。新建了五十多条干线和六十余条支线,铁路营业里程达五万二千公里,比解放前增加了三万公里。新建铁路中的75％分布在京广铁路以西的广大地区,这对改善我国铁路的布局,加强内地建设起了很大作用。在运输繁忙的干线区修建复线、进行电气化技术改造方面也取得了可喜的成绩。
China has a vast land and abundant products. It is necessary to build a strong socialist industrialized country, develop transport and transportation is very important, and a large amount of rail transport is an important modern means of transport. The focus of this lesson is to require students to understand and master the knowledge of the national railway network. It is said that the national railway should start from old China. Old China’s railways are few, and their distribution is extremely unreasonable. From the construction of the first railway in Shanghai in 1876 to the eve of the liberation in 1949, a total of 24,000 kilometers of railways were built, most of which were built in the northeast and east coastal provinces. It is mainly built by the imperialist countries such as Japan and Russia for military occupation and plundering resources. There are almost no railways in the southwest and northwest regions. After the founding of New China, special emphasis was placed on railway construction. More than 50 trunk lines and more than 60 branch lines have been newly built, and the operating mileage of the railway has reached 52,000 kilometers, an increase of 30,000 kilometers before the liberation. Seventy-five percent of the newly-built railways are located in vast areas west of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway. This has played a significant role in improving the layout of China’s railways and strengthening the construction of the interior. Great achievements have also been made in the construction of double-tracked and electrified technological transformations in the busy trunk areas.