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发育早期的不良事件会对动物和人类的大脑发育及成年后的行为产生重要影响。早期社会隔离能引起人和动物的行为模式及神经系统结构产生持久性改变,本文从认知行为水平及细胞分子水平总结了社会隔离对实验动物造成的影响。动物隔离实验表明,隔离对认知行为方面造成的影响主要包括:运动增多,惊反射和前脉冲抑制异常及学习、记忆功能下降。神经递质方面的影响主要包括:伏隔核、杏仁核及中脑边缘系统内多巴胺的活性提高,内侧前额叶多巴胺的活性降低,同时海马、伏隔核等脑区内5-羟基色胺酸受体活性异常,多个脑区谷氨酸代谢异常。最后,早期社会隔离还会引起海马、内侧前额叶、杏仁核、伏隔核等脑区细胞凋亡的异常。多脑区多种神经递质的异常和细胞凋亡的异常可能是导致动物行为出现异常的神经机制。鉴于早期社会隔离动物表现出的行为、神经递质、细胞凋亡方面的异常与精神分裂症等发展性精神疾病的症状密切相关,因此早期社会隔离可以作为一种有效的研究精神分裂症的动物模型。
Adverse events early in development can have important effects on brain development and adult behavior in animals and humans. Early social isolation can cause persistent changes in behavior patterns and nervous system structures in humans and animals. This paper summarizes the effects of social isolation on experimental animals from the cognitive and behavioral levels and cellular and molecular levels. Animal isolation experiments show that the impact of isolation on cognitive behavior include: increased movement, shock reflex and suppression of anterior pulse suppression and learning, memory loss. Neurotransmitters include dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and mesolimbic system, increased activity of dopamine in the medial prefrontal cortex, and decreased levels of 5-hydroxytryptophan in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens Receptor activity abnormalities, multiple brain glutamate metabolic abnormalities. Finally, early social isolation can also cause abnormalities in apoptosis in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens. Abnormality of multiple neurotransmitters in multiple brain regions and abnormal apoptosis may be the neurological mechanism that causes abnormal behavior in animals. In view of early social isolation animals showed behavior, neurotransmitters, abnormalities in apoptosis and schizophrenia and other developing mental illness is closely related to the symptoms, so early social isolation can be used as an effective study of schizophrenia in animals model.