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干细胞是目前生命科学研究的热点方向。干细胞具有自我更新及定向分化的潜在能力。近年来,干细胞移植治疗在治疗压力性尿失禁和膀胱损伤方面已成为研究重点,不同来源的干细胞在治疗膀胱损伤已取得瞩目的研究成果。干细胞对阴茎勃起神经和海绵体血管内皮细胞起着修复保护作用。干细胞具有向多种谱系细胞转化的能力来治疗压力性尿失禁。干细胞移植为泌尿系统的神经肌肉疾病的修复重建提供了一条新途径,使认为不可修复的的神经肌肉疾病的结构修复和组织重建成为可能。干细胞包括脂肪干细胞(adipose-derived stem cells,ADSCs)、骨髓间充质干细胞(bone narrow mesenchymal stem,BMSCs)和肌源性干细胞(muscle-derived stem cell,MDSCs)等。组织工程学是一类交叉学科,主要包括综合细胞培养、材料构建和细胞种植等。组织工程技术为泌尿外科临床医师提供了一条修复乃至重建受损脏器的新思路。本文就利用干细胞作为种子细胞,对膀胱缺损、压力性尿失禁、勃起功能障碍泌尿系疾病的组织工程修复进行综述。
Stem cells are the current focus of life science research. Stem cells have the potential for self-renewal and directed differentiation. In recent years, stem cell transplantation has become the focus of research in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence and bladder injury. Different sources of stem cells have gained remarkable research results in the treatment of bladder injury. Stem cells play a repair and protective role on penile erectile nerve and cavernous vascular endothelial cells. Stem cells have the ability to transform into multiple lineage cells to treat stress urinary incontinence. Stem cell transplantation provides a new avenue for repair and reconstruction of neuromuscular diseases of the urinary system, making possible the structural repair and tissue reconstruction of neuromuscular diseases that are considered unrepeatable. Stem cells include adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs). Tissue engineering is a type of interdisciplinary, including comprehensive cell culture, material construction and cell cultivation. Tissue engineering provides urologists with a new way of repairing and even rebuilding damaged organs. In this paper, the use of stem cells as seed cells, bladder defects, stress urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, urological diseases, tissue engineering repair were reviewed.