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自然灾害面前,应急救援行动是拯救生命、减少损失的重要手段之一,而合理的应急救援物资储备设施是决定应急救援行动成败与否的关键。在总结前人研究成果的基础上,提出一种考虑区域自然灾害风险区划(值)、时间约束和储备设施建设成本约束的P-median问题,设计变邻域算法对问题求解。并依据北京市民政局和统计局提供的1978—2011年度区域自然灾害灾情资料,开展自然灾害下区域应急救援物资储备设施的实证研究,从理论上为区域自然灾害应急救援物资储备设施选址决策提供建议。
In the face of natural disasters, emergency rescue operations are one of the important means to save lives and reduce losses. Reasonable emergency supplies reserve facilities are the key to the success or failure of emergency rescue operations. On the basis of summarizing the previous research results, a P-median problem considering regional zonal disaster risk zoning, time constraints and reserve facility construction cost constraints is proposed, and a neighborhood-changing algorithm is designed to solve the problem. Based on the data of regional natural disasters from 1978 to 2011 provided by Civil Affairs Bureau of Beijing and Bureau of Statistics, this paper conducts an empirical study on the regional emergency rescue supplies reserve facilities under natural disasters, and theoretically determines the location of emergency rescue supplies reserve facilities for regional natural disasters Give suggestion.