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近年来发展了一种放射性同位素年代测定的新方法:把含有放射性同位素的待测样品引入加速器的离子源,经电离后加速到高能量,再应用核物理实验中的粒子鉴别技术对单个原子进行计数。其灵敏度比常规的衰变法增加几个数量级,因而可以使用少得多的样品量和测量更古老的年代。这种直接计数单个原子的方法作为超灵敏质谱技术,预计将会在很多领域得到广泛应用。 本文介绍这种新技术的基本原理以及在回旋加速器和串列式静电加速器上的实验技术。并对目前的现状、应用的展望及其局限性作一简单评述。
In recent years, a new method for dating the age of radioisotope has been developed. The sample containing radioactive isotopes is introduced into the ion source of accelerator and ionized to accelerate to high energy. Then, particle identification technology in nuclear physics experiments is applied to single atoms count. Its sensitivity is several orders of magnitude greater than conventional decay, allowing for much smaller sample sizes and measuring older ages. This method of directly counting single atoms as an ultra-sensitive mass spectrometry is expected to be widely used in many fields. This article describes the fundamentals of this new technology and experimental techniques on cyclotrons and tandem type electrostatic accelerators. And a brief comment on the current status quo, the application of the outlook and its limitations.