杂种优势利用是以不育系为基础的。新质源雄性不育系选育的意义一方面是为了避免生产上单一质源引起的意外,另一方面是为了更好地利用水稻品种培育新三系。在新质源雄性不育系选育方面,国外报道了9种不育胞质,我国据不完全统计,属间、种间、亚种间及品种间的不育胞质达46个。我们从1971年开始进行了不同质源的三系选育工作,前后其育成了15个不同细胞质来源的质核雄性不育系,並且获得了3种恢保关系 Heterosis utilization is based on CMS. The new source of male sterile line breeding significance on the one hand is to avoid the production of a single source caused the accident, on the other hand is to make better use of rice varieties to cultivate a new line. In the selection and breeding of new CMS lines, 9 kinds of CMSs were reported in foreign countries. According to incomplete statistics in our country, there are 46 sterile cytoplasms among genus, species, subspecies and varieties. Since 1971, we conducted three-line breeding work with different quality sources. Before and after that, we cultivated 15 CMS lines with different cytoplasmic origins and obtained 3 kinds of CMS