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集装箱运输作为现代化的运输方式,具有安全、迅速、简便、节约包装和便于机械化、自动化作业等优点,自本世纪六十年代开始,在各工业发达国家得到了迅速的发展,已深入到航空、海运、公路和铁路等各个运输领域及国际联运中。为适应联运需要,国际标准化组织(ISO)从1960年起,相继对集装箱的标记、重量、尺寸、以及堆放、吊装、固定等方面施行了标准化。按ISO规定,在每个集装箱的四个下角部,设置有下角件,集装箱通过这些下角件在车、船等运输工具上固定(图1)。角件的尺寸强度等由ISO1161-1971(系列1货
As a modern mode of transport, container transport has the advantages of safety, speediness, convenience, economical packaging and convenient mechanization and automation. Since the sixties of this century, container transport has enjoyed rapid development in all industrialized countries and has gone deep into the fields of aviation, Maritime transport, highways and railways and other transport areas and international transport. In order to meet the needs of intermodal transport, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has standardized the marking, weight, size, stacking, hoisting and fixing of containers since 1960. According to the ISO regulations, at the four lower corners of each container, corner fittings are provided through which containers are fixed on vehicles such as cars and boats (Figure 1). Angular pieces of size and strength by ISO1161-1971 (Series 1 goods