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俄罗斯出版的《古代史通报》1993年第3期上,刊登了佩恰特诺娃的长文,题为《吉波麦伊奥内和莫法基(斯巴达公民集体的结构)》。文中指出,公元前5世纪和4世纪之交,斯巴达公民集体的内部不稳定性已经明显地表露出来,其重要表现是,“斯巴达公民”与“平等者公社成员”已经不再是同一概念,公民集体分化为几个不平等的人群。就公元前4世纪和3世纪的情况而言,仅仅是斯巴达公民中的富有者才构成“平等者公社成员”。 作者指出,生活于公元前4世纪的思想家伊索克拉特斯和亚里士多德等人,已经看出斯
Published in Russia in the third issue of the Bulletin of Ancient History, No. 3, 1993, Pechate Nova’s long essay entitled “Jebokmah Ivani and Moghaggy (Structures of the Spartan Citizens’ Collective)” was published. The article points out that at the turn of the 5th and 4th centuries BC, the internal instability of the Spartan citizenry has been clearly revealed. The important manifestation is that the “Spartan citizens” and “members of the Equality Commune” no longer exist It is the same concept that citizens are collectively divided into several unequal groups. As far as the 4th and 3rd centuries BC were concerned, it is only the wealthy of Spartan citizens who constitute “members of equal communes”. The author points out that the thinkers such as Isoklattes and Aristotle who lived in the 4th century BC have already seen