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目的：观察脐带间充质干细胞(UCMSCs)对大鼠颅脑外伤后认知功能的改善作用并探讨其可能机制。方法制备UCMSCs，应用液压打击损伤装置建立SD大鼠中度颅脑损伤模型，实验动物随机分为假手术组、生理盐水组、脐带间充质干细胞组，采用Morris水迷宫法测定大鼠认知功能；利用分光光度比色法酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）和Western blot法分别检测大鼠受损同侧海马组织中丙二醛(MDA)、脑源性神经生长因子(BDNF)和CAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)的水平，并进行统计学分析。结果研究结果显示大鼠颅脑外伤后小脑延髓池内注射UCMSCs能明显提高其认知功能；损伤后大鼠海马组织中MDA水平升高及BDNF和CREB水平下降，小脑延髓池内注射UCMSCs能降低MDA水平及提高BDNF和CREB水平。结论UCMSCs能通过抑制氧化改善颅脑损伤后的认知功能，且BDNF与CREB可能与其认知功能改善有关。“,”Objective To explore the effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) on cognitive function and its mechanisms. Methods The preparation of UCMSCs models of fluid percussion injury (FPI) were established. Rats were randomly divided into sham group, saline group, and UCMSCs group. The cognitive function was evaluated by Morris Water Maze test for identifying their cognitive function;spectrophotometric assay,ELISA and western blot were used respectively to measure MDA (malondialdehyde), BDNF (Brain derived neurophic factor) and CREB (cAMP-response element binding protein) in hippocampus. Results After traumatic brain injury (TBI), the rats that were treated with UCMSCs showed significant improvement in cognition comparing with no UCMSCs treated rats; also MDA in hippocampus increased and BDNF and CREB decreased in the saline group;Comparing with saline group, MDA of UCMSCs group was lower while BDNF and CREB were higher. Conclusion With the injection into the cisterna magna, UCMSCs demonstrated the protective effects on cognitive function with the BDNF and CREB be involved.