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卢卡奇在《历史与阶级意识》中从人文主义的角度深刻的阐述了20世纪以来的物化思想,使其成为西方马克思主义流派的开创者。本文主要从其物化理论产生的背景开始谈起,然后在《资本论》的拜物教理论上阐述了卢卡奇关于物化现象的相关理解,其次分析了物化的具体内涵及其规定性。它的内涵首先从客观和主观两个方面总结了马克思的物化思想,又结合韦伯的合理化理论深入探究物化的具体表现。即从经济领域中的劳动产品(客体)、无产阶级(主体)以及社会政治领域三方面来分析。其中无产阶级意识的物化理论是卢卡奇物化思想的重点。最后澄清了物化思想的产生和扬弃问题。
Lukacs profoundly elaborates the materialized thought of the 20th century from the angle of humanism in “History and Class Consciousness”, making it the pioneer of Western Marxist schools. This article mainly starts from the background of the materialization theory, and then expounds Lukacs’ comprehension about the materialization phenomenon in the fetishism theory of Capital. Secondly, it analyzes the concrete connotation and the stipulation of the materialization. Its connotation first summarizes Marx’s materialized thought from two aspects of objectiveness and subjectivity, and explores the concrete manifestation of materialization combined with Weber’s rationalization theory. That is, from the economic field of labor products (objects), the proletariat (subject) and the socio-political areas of three aspects to analyze. The theory of materialization of proletarian consciousness is the focus of Lukacs’ materialization thought. Finally, clarified the question of the emergence and abandonment of materialized thought.