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目的调查分析高校女生原发性痛经的相关知识、态度和行为;探讨知信行健康教育理论在高校女生原发性痛经护理中运用的有效性、可行性。方法将749名原发性痛经女大学生分为干预组和对照组,采用自制统一调查表,分别在健康教育前和实施健康教育3个月后对女生痛经发生情况和认知改变情况进行调查并建立数据库,采用SPSS 13.0软件进行统计分析。结果女大学生原发性痛经的发生率为50.3%(749/1 488)。实施健康教育后,干预组轻度、中度痛经分别下降了21.0%、12.9%,原发性痛经知识知晓率由33.4%提高到74.0%(χ2=15.710,P<0.01),态度持有率由38.0%提高到67.3%(χ2=8.010,P<0.01),行为形成率由50.5%提高到73.4%(χ2=4.301,P<0.05);而对照组无明显改变。结论知信行健康教育理论指导下的干预措施能够有效提高女生对原发性痛经的认识态度,纠正不良行为,缓解原发性痛经症状和降低痛经发生。
Objective To investigate and analyze the related knowledge, attitude and behavior of primary dysmenorrhea among college girls and to explore the effectiveness and feasibility of using this theory in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea in college girls. Methods 749 primary dysmenorrhea female college students were divided into intervention group and control group. The self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the occurrence and cognitive changes of female dysmenorrhea before and three months after the implementation of health education Establish a database, using SPSS 13.0 software for statistical analysis. Results The incidence of primary dysmenorrhea among female college students was 50.3% (749/1 488). After the implementation of health education, the rate of mild and moderate dysmenorrhea in intervention group decreased by 21.0% and 12.9% respectively, the awareness rate of primary dysmenorrhea increased from 33.4% to 74.0% (χ2 = 15.710, P <0.01) From 38.0% to 67.3% (χ2 = 8.010, P <0.01). The rate of behavior formation increased from 50.5% to 73.4% (χ2 = 4.301, P <0.05), while the control group did not change significantly. Conclusion Awareness-based interventions under the guidance of health education theory can effectively improve girls’ understanding of primary dysmenorrhea, correct bad behavior, relieve symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea and reduce the incidence of dysmenorrhea.