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该文研究了苦参总黄酮(flavonoids from Sophora flavescens)对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的影响,并探讨其作用机制。将60只小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、脑复康组(阳性对照组)、苦参总黄酮低、中、高剂量组。采用D-半乳糖(160 mg·kg-1)颈背部皮下注射连续30 d建立亚急性衰老小鼠模型,造模同时,苦参总黄酮低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃苦参总黄酮(150,300,600mg·kg-1),连续30 d。采用跳台试验、避暗试验来检测小鼠的学习记忆能力,检测脑组织中丙二醛(MDA)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量与超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、单胺氧化酶-B(MAO-B)、Na+-K+-ATP酶、Ca2+-ATP酶活性,检测血清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性,并且HE染色,光镜下观察脑海马齿状回区组织结构的变化。结果发现,与模型组比较,苦参总黄酮中、高剂量组及脑复康组能明显延长避暗潜伏期、跳台潜伏期,苦参总黄酮各剂量组及脑复康组均减少避暗错误次数,苦参总黄酮高剂量组及脑复康组可减少跳台错误次数(P<0.05或P<0.01)。苦参总黄酮中、高剂量组及脑复康组能提高衰老小鼠脑组织中SOD和Na+-K+-ATP酶活性,降低脑组织中MAO-B的活性、MDA及TNF-α含量,降低衰老小鼠血清中LDH活性(P<0.05或P<0.01)。苦参总黄酮各剂量组及脑复康组脑组织中Ca2+-ATP酶活性增强,同模型组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05或P<0.01)。病理可见模型组海马齿状回细胞数目减少,细胞排列稀疏,细胞形态欠完整,胞浆稀少,胞核与胞浆界限欠清晰,细胞核深染,固缩不规则形,核仁不明显。苦参总黄酮组及脑复康组海马组织形态较模型组改善。可见,苦参总黄酮能改善D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的学习记忆能力,其作用机制可能与通过减少TNF-α含量而增强抗氧化作用,从而稳定细胞膜、降低脑内MAO-B活性有关。
This article studies the effects of flavonoids from Sophora flavescens on aging mice induced by D-galactose and explores its mechanism of action. 60 mice were randomly divided into control group, model group, Naofukang group (positive control group), Sophora flavescens total flavonoids low, medium and high dose group. A sub-acute aging mouse model was established by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose (160 mg · kg -1) into the back of the neck for 30 consecutive days. At the same time, the total flavonoids of Sophora flavescens total flavonoids (150,300,600mg · kg-1) for 30 days. The ability of learning and memory in mice was detected by jumping test and avoiding darkness test. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), monoamine oxidase-B MAO-B), Na + -K + -ATPase and Ca2 + -ATPase activity were measured. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum was detected. HE staining was used to observe the histological changes of dentate gyrus in hippocampus. The results showed that, compared with the model group, Sophora flavescens flavonoids, high-dose group and the brain rehabilitation group can significantly prolong avoidance latency, jumping latency, each dose of Sophora flavescens flavonoids and Naofukang reduce the number of avoidance mistakes , The total flavonoids of Sophora flavescens and Naofukang group can reduce the number of jumps error (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Sophora flavescens total flavonoids, high-dose group and Naofukang group can improve the aging mice brain SOD and Na + -K + -ATPase activity, reduce the activity of MAO-B in brain tissue, MDA and TNF-αlevels decreased Serum LDH activity in aged mice (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The Ca2 + -ATPase activity in each dose group and the Naofukang group of Sophora flavescens total flavonoids increased significantly compared with the model group (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Pathological changes in the model group, the number of dentate gyrus cells decreased, sparsely arranged cells, cell morphology less complete, sparse cytoplasm, nuclear and cytoplasmic margin is not clear, the nucleus stained, irregular shrinkage, nucleoli are not obvious. The tissue of hippocampus of Sophora flavescens total flavonoids group and Naofukang group was better than the model group. It can be seen that the total flavonoids of Sophora flavescens can improve the learning and memory abilities of aging mice induced by D-galactose. The mechanism may be related to the anti-oxidant effect by decreasing the content of TNF-α, thereby stabilizing the cell membrane and decreasing the activity of MAO-B in the brain .