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纵观新课标下各省几年来的高考完形题型,广东省可说是独树一帜。完形填空的考察分两部分,即不仅有我们传统意义上的“四选一”,还有自创的一种称为语法填空的新题型。题干要求如下:阅读短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。虽然新题型的出现给本省学生拿分带来了挑战,但同时却给我们其他各省的学生带来探索做题方法的契机。那么我们该如何利用此新题型做好完形填空题,提高得分率呢?
一、完形填空的命题特征
1.文章难度并不大,但涉及范围广。文章长度一般为300词左右。
2.文章内容以情景意义选择为主,语法选择填空为辅。
3.短文内容逻辑性强,文章结构严谨,层次分明。
4.单词填空为主,短语或词组的整体填空为辅。
5.逻辑性强,实词为主,虚词为辅。
6.保留提示句。
二、读全文,领大意
在我看来,完形填空是少了20个词的一篇不完整的文章,尽管如此依然有它一定的主题思想,段落之间必然承上启下,前呼后应,句与句之间也一定紧密相连,形成一个整体。因此通读全文时要一气呵成,不要中断思路,大概能了解短文的大意即可。但同时在第一遍通读是要特别注意文章的开头和结尾,因为它们能提供重要的信息,帮助了解全文所述的事件或文章的中心议题。这是做好完形填空的第一步。
三、弃选项,盲填空
在学生完成第一步通读全文后,我们可实施此策略。就是让学生根据自身的语言知识能力水平,不借助选空的选项,自行猜测所缺失的目标词,并且填充出自己认可的答案。以下则是我们在实际操作中的一个范例:
We were standing at the top of a church tower.My father had brought me to this place in a small Italian town not far from our home in Rome.I wondered ___1___.
“___2___down, Elsa,”Father said.I gathered all my courage and looked down.I saw the ___3____in the center of the village.And I saw the crisscross of twisting, turning streets leading to the square.“See, my dear,”Father said___4____.“There is ___5____one way to the square.Life is like that.If you can’t get to the place where you want to go by one road, __6___ another.”
Now I understood why I was there.Earlier that day I had begged my mother to do something about the __7___ lunches that were served at school.But she ___8___ because she could not believe the lunches were as bad as I said.When I turned to Father for help, he would not say anything.__9___, he brought me to this high tower to give me a lesson.By the time we reached home, I had a ___10___.
At school the next day, I secretly poured my luncheon soup into a bottle and brought it home.Then I talked the __11___ into serving it to Mother at dinner.The plan worked perfectly.She swallowed one spoonful and sputtered, “ The cook must have gone mad!”Quickly I told what I had done, and Mother stated firmly that she would __12____the matter of lunches at school the next day!
In the ___13__ the followed I often remembered the lesson Father taught me.I knew where I wanted to go in life.And __14___the way to my success when I found the road blocked, I would choose to use imagination and wisdom to find another road to my goal.
在尝试这篇无选项完形填空时,教师可鼓励学生先独立完成,而后小组讨论,探讨依据,最后由教师归纳总结所用的解题方法。如:依据上下文角度,推出前三空所填词why,look, square; 从常识和知识角度,得出第四,五空的答案;从惯用法中看出14题的表述方式;而从词语角度则能填充 出第六题的try another.最后,依据语法得出11题所缺的是表示人的一个名词。所有这些,看似杂乱无章,其实各空均遵循完形填空题主要测试的角度来进行设问。这一遍初填答案结束后,学生应该完成了自己心目中的答案,有了自己对文章的整体猜测。当然,学生肯定对自己填出的答案有些还不十分有把握,或留下一些模棱两可的题和难题没有做完。那么,该如何解决呢?接下来让我们看下面的策略。
四、查选项,挑最佳
学生根据自身理解所盲填的选项只能代表自己的理解方向,并不一定就是选项里所出的答案项。因此,还需要学生把自己的所填词与被选项词相匹配,相斟酌,得出最后的最佳答案。比如,上题中的12小题,学生在初填答案中会填出多个答案:solve,deal with, handle, settle 等,这时,学生就需从备选项中挑出和自填答案一致的选项或相近答案,若与备选项都不一致则需仔细辨别挑出符合和语境相似的答案。
五、审全文,补遗漏
全部答案选定后,文章完整了,应再从头至尾读一遍。这也是最关键的一点,这就要求细心检查每一个填空处是否有笔误或疏漏的地方来调整答案。
总之,完形填空题虽然是一种难度较大的综合性题目,但是只要按照正确的步骤进行探讨,剖析,并经过大量的实践,同学们就能够做好这类题。
参考文献:
[1]教育部.普通高中英语课程标准(试验)[M].人民教学出版社.2003.
[2]高凤江.教学语法的认知理据与英语语感培养的互动研究[J].21世纪英语教育.2010.
一、完形填空的命题特征
1.文章难度并不大,但涉及范围广。文章长度一般为300词左右。
2.文章内容以情景意义选择为主,语法选择填空为辅。
3.短文内容逻辑性强,文章结构严谨,层次分明。
4.单词填空为主,短语或词组的整体填空为辅。
5.逻辑性强,实词为主,虚词为辅。
6.保留提示句。
二、读全文,领大意
在我看来,完形填空是少了20个词的一篇不完整的文章,尽管如此依然有它一定的主题思想,段落之间必然承上启下,前呼后应,句与句之间也一定紧密相连,形成一个整体。因此通读全文时要一气呵成,不要中断思路,大概能了解短文的大意即可。但同时在第一遍通读是要特别注意文章的开头和结尾,因为它们能提供重要的信息,帮助了解全文所述的事件或文章的中心议题。这是做好完形填空的第一步。
三、弃选项,盲填空
在学生完成第一步通读全文后,我们可实施此策略。就是让学生根据自身的语言知识能力水平,不借助选空的选项,自行猜测所缺失的目标词,并且填充出自己认可的答案。以下则是我们在实际操作中的一个范例:
We were standing at the top of a church tower.My father had brought me to this place in a small Italian town not far from our home in Rome.I wondered ___1___.
“___2___down, Elsa,”Father said.I gathered all my courage and looked down.I saw the ___3____in the center of the village.And I saw the crisscross of twisting, turning streets leading to the square.“See, my dear,”Father said___4____.“There is ___5____one way to the square.Life is like that.If you can’t get to the place where you want to go by one road, __6___ another.”
Now I understood why I was there.Earlier that day I had begged my mother to do something about the __7___ lunches that were served at school.But she ___8___ because she could not believe the lunches were as bad as I said.When I turned to Father for help, he would not say anything.__9___, he brought me to this high tower to give me a lesson.By the time we reached home, I had a ___10___.
At school the next day, I secretly poured my luncheon soup into a bottle and brought it home.Then I talked the __11___ into serving it to Mother at dinner.The plan worked perfectly.She swallowed one spoonful and sputtered, “ The cook must have gone mad!”Quickly I told what I had done, and Mother stated firmly that she would __12____the matter of lunches at school the next day!
In the ___13__ the followed I often remembered the lesson Father taught me.I knew where I wanted to go in life.And __14___the way to my success when I found the road blocked, I would choose to use imagination and wisdom to find another road to my goal.
在尝试这篇无选项完形填空时,教师可鼓励学生先独立完成,而后小组讨论,探讨依据,最后由教师归纳总结所用的解题方法。如:依据上下文角度,推出前三空所填词why,look, square; 从常识和知识角度,得出第四,五空的答案;从惯用法中看出14题的表述方式;而从词语角度则能填充 出第六题的try another.最后,依据语法得出11题所缺的是表示人的一个名词。所有这些,看似杂乱无章,其实各空均遵循完形填空题主要测试的角度来进行设问。这一遍初填答案结束后,学生应该完成了自己心目中的答案,有了自己对文章的整体猜测。当然,学生肯定对自己填出的答案有些还不十分有把握,或留下一些模棱两可的题和难题没有做完。那么,该如何解决呢?接下来让我们看下面的策略。
四、查选项,挑最佳
学生根据自身理解所盲填的选项只能代表自己的理解方向,并不一定就是选项里所出的答案项。因此,还需要学生把自己的所填词与被选项词相匹配,相斟酌,得出最后的最佳答案。比如,上题中的12小题,学生在初填答案中会填出多个答案:solve,deal with, handle, settle 等,这时,学生就需从备选项中挑出和自填答案一致的选项或相近答案,若与备选项都不一致则需仔细辨别挑出符合和语境相似的答案。
五、审全文,补遗漏
全部答案选定后,文章完整了,应再从头至尾读一遍。这也是最关键的一点,这就要求细心检查每一个填空处是否有笔误或疏漏的地方来调整答案。
总之,完形填空题虽然是一种难度较大的综合性题目,但是只要按照正确的步骤进行探讨,剖析,并经过大量的实践,同学们就能够做好这类题。
参考文献:
[1]教育部.普通高中英语课程标准(试验)[M].人民教学出版社.2003.
[2]高凤江.教学语法的认知理据与英语语感培养的互动研究[J].21世纪英语教育.2010.