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国际法方法论,系指为国际法问题提供宏观观念和为国际法问题提供解析工具的理论和手段。确立国际法的方法能够自觉促进国际法的发展和理论研究的深入。在技术的层面上,国际法研究方法意味着对客体的准确认知和对逻辑的精准把握,因而要求材料丰实,穷尽规范、实践与学说的相关文献;在逻辑方面,要求术语准确、论断清晰,进而需要表达过程的清晰和明确,具体包括叙述策略和结构模式两方面。前者主要包含比较研究和独立阐释两种策略;后者包括分块列举式、层层深入式,及这两种模式的有机组合。在思想的层面上,国际法研究的理论创新需要具备广博的知识基础,可分为国际法内部各分支、其他法部门、法理学、人文社会科学各学科、哲学五个层次。法理学的自然法学派、实证法学派和社会法学派有助于国际法研究的深化,但是国际关系领域的主流学说更能够为国际法研究提供思想启迪。将实证分析、社会阐释、价值评判进行整合的批判现实主义是国际法研究的有效路径;而明确认识、有效使用方法是国际法研究必须突破的核心所在。
International law methodology refers to the theories and instruments that provide macroscopic views on the subject of international law and provide analytical tools for the question of international law. The method of establishing international law can consciously promote the development of international law and deepen theoretical research. At the technical level, the research methods of international law imply accurate cognition of objects and accurate grasp of logic, and therefore require material abundance and exhaustion of relevant documents of norms, practices and doctrines; in terms of logic, the terms are required to be accurate and concise , Which in turn requires a clear and clear expression of the process, including narrative strategies and structural patterns. The former mainly consists of comparative research and independent interpretation of two strategies; the latter includes block enumeration, layers of in-depth, and organic combination of these two models. At the ideological level, theoretical innovation in the study of international law needs to have a broad knowledge base and can be divided into five levels: internal branches of international law, other legal departments, jurisprudence, humanities and social sciences, and philosophy. The jurisprudence of natural law, the law of positive law and the law of social law contribute to the deepening of the study of international law, but the mainstream doctrine in the field of international relations can provide thought inspiration for the study of international law. The critical realism that integrates positive analysis, social interpretation and value judgments is an effective approach to the study of international law. A clear understanding and effective use of the methods are the core of the breakthroughs in international law.