导言与60年代和70年代相比,80年代是国营部门的优先性明显下降的十年。60年代,人们曾认为“国营”产品的供给低于其最佳水平,因此主张迅速提高公共开支在国内生产总值中的比重。人们认为,适当的做法是通过加强支持收入的措施和居民更广泛地享受卫生、教育和住房等方面的服务来重新分配经济增长的果实。人们将公共开支和税收视为反周期性的需求 Introduction Compared with the 1960s and 1970s, the 1980s saw a marked decline in the priority of the state sector over the past decade. In the 1960s, people once thought that the supply of “state-owned” products was below its optimal level and therefore advocated the rapid increase in public expenditure as a share of the gross domestic product. It is considered appropriate to redistribute the fruits of economic growth by strengthening measures to support income and by providing wider access to health, education and housing for residents. People regard public spending and taxes as countercyclical needs