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目的:了解进行全身麻醉下牙齿治疗的孤独症谱系障碍（autism spectrum disorder，ASD）儿童的患龋情况及牙齿治疗内容特点。方法:选择2016年4至11月参与中央财政支持的中华口腔医学会“关爱孤独症儿童口腔健康”项目，全身麻醉下进行牙齿治疗的103例ASD患者作为ASD组，病例来源于我国13家口腔专科医院，依据年龄、性别，应用分层倾向评分配比法选择2015年1月至2018年11月在相同13家口腔专科医院接受全身麻醉下牙齿治疗的97名无全身疾病的儿童作为对照（对照组），对两组儿童的龋失补牙数（decay missing filling tooth，DMFT/dmft，DMFT表示恒牙，dmft表示乳牙）和全身麻醉下牙齿治疗的内容进行统计分析。结果:ASD组与对照组儿童人均DMFT/dmft［n M（n Q25，n Q75）］分别为0（0，3）/11（8，14）和0（0，3）/9（7，13），两组差异均无统计学意义（n P>0.05）。全身麻醉下人均牙齿治疗数量ASD组［13（11，15）颗］显著高于对照组［12（9，14）颗］（n P<0.01）；ASD组儿童人均牙髓治疗数量［3（2，6）颗］显著高于对照组［2（1，4）颗］（n P0.05). The average number of dental treatments under general anesthesia and the average number of endodontic treatment in children with ASD were 13 (11, 15) and 3 (2, 6) teeth respectively, while those in the control group were 12 (9, 14) and 2 (1, 4) teeth respectively, the differences were statistically significant (n P<0.01,n P<0.05).n Conclusions:No significant difference was found between children with ASD and the normal controls who receive dental treatments under general anesthesia in DMFT/dmft index, but the treatment needs of children with ASD is relatively higher, and their tooth decay is relatively severer.