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目的:了解青海高原成人大骨节病（KBD）患者血清血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）改变情况，为科学防治KBD提供依据。方法:2017年7 - 9月，采用成组设计，在青海省海南藏族自治州兴海、贵德县KBD病区，根据《大骨节病诊断》，选取20岁以上成人KBD患者及健康人群分别作为KBD组和病区内对照组；同时在生产和生活方式相似的循化县选取20岁以上健康人群作为病区外对照组。采集3组人群空腹肘静脉血，使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测目标人群血清VEGF水平。结果:共调查272人，其中KBD组104人，病区内对照组95人，病区外对照组73人，组间年龄、性别比例比较差异无统计学意义（n F = 2.236，n P > 0.05；χ n 2 = 3.135，n P > 0.05）。KBD组患者血清VEGF中位数为504.23 pg/ml，病区内对照组为328.65 pg/ml，病区外对照组为309.20 pg/ml，组间比较差异有统计学意义（ n Z = 150.472，n P 0.05; χ n 2 = 3.135, n P > 0.05). The serum concentrations of VEGF in KBD, internal control and external control groups were 504.23, 328.65 and 309.20 pg/ml, respectively, which were statistically significantly different ( n Z = 150.472, n P < 0.01). The serum concentration of VEGF in KBD group was higher than that of the internal and external control groups ( n P 0.05).n Conclusion:Serum VEGF level of KBD patients in Qinghai Plateau is higher than that of internal and external controls.