流行性脑脊髓膜炎(简称流脑),以15岁以下儿童多见,入冬开始便有患儿发病,春季三、四月达高峰,夏初则下降。流脑是由脑膜炎双球菌引起的急性呼吸道传染病。脑膜炎双球菌借飞沫传播,通过鼻咽部侵入人体。其大多数因人体具有免疫或抵抗力而局限于鼻咽部,成为带菌状态或产生上呼吸道炎,仅有极少数由于人体缺乏免疫或抵抗力弱而从鼻咽部粘膜进一步侵入血液致败血症,部分病原菌继续侵入脑脊髓膜而产生化脓性炎症。 Epidemic meningococcal meningitis (referred to as meningitis), more common in children under 15 years of age, there will be onset of infantile onset in winter, the spring peak in March and April, summer decline. Mycoplasma is an acute respiratory infection caused by meningococcus. Meningococcal spread by droplets, penetrated the body through the nasopharynx. Most of the body due to the immune or immune confinement in the nasopharynx, becoming a carrier status or produce upper respiratory tract inflammation, only a very small number of people due to lack of immunity or weak resistance and nasopharyngeal mucosa further invade the blood caused by sepsis, Some pathogens continue to invade the cerebrospinal membrane and produce purulent inflammation.