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用聚合酶链式反应－测序方法对３７例非小细胞肺癌并胸腔积液患者胸水及外周血标本分别进行ｐ５３基因外显子七、八测序，并用２５例正常人外周血标本对照。结果表明：胸水标本检出外显子七点突变９例，外显子八检出点突变２例，３个碱基对缺失１例，累计阳性率达到３２．４３％：外周血标本仅检出３例阳性突变，总突变率仅８．１１％。两组标本检出率差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。对照组未发现阳性突变。胸水标本阳性检出率与文献报道的用活组织标本检测的突变阳性率相近，对临床诊断和判断预后有一定的参考价值。
The pleural and peripheral blood samples of 37 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and pleural effusion were sequenced with polymerase chain reaction-sequencing method. Seven and eight exons of p53 gene were sequenced and 25 samples of normal human peripheral blood samples were used. The results showed that 9 cases of exon 7 mutations were detected in pleural effusion specimens, 2 out of 8 exon mutations and 1 deletion in 3 base pairs. The cumulative positive rate was 32.43%. Peripheral blood specimens were only examined. Out of 3 cases of positive mutations, the total mutation rate was only 8.11%. There was a significant difference in the detection rate between the two groups (P<0.01). No positive mutation was found in the control group. The positive detection rate of pleural effusion specimens is similar to the positive rate of mutations reported in the literature with biopsy specimens, which has certain reference value for clinical diagnosis and prognosis.