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非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）常发生于具有代谢综合征特点的患者，主要临床病理表现为肝实质细胞脂肪变性和脂肪贮积，可进展为肝硬化，最终发生肝衰竭。Toll样受体（TLR）4信号途径参与NAFLD的发生发展。目前，TLR4在NAFLD发病中所起到的作用引起临床医师高度重视。简述了TLR4的结构、TLR4信号途径的构成、表达调节方式、功能及其与NAFLD的关系，认为未来TLR4信号途径必然成为治疗NAFLD的重要研究领域。“,”Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)is prevalent in patients with characteristics of metabolic syndrome.The main clinico-pathological manifestations of NAFLD are fatty degeneration of liver parenchyma cells and fat storage,which can progress to liver cirrhosis and eventually lead to liver failure.Toll -like receptor 4 (TLR4)signaling pathway is involved in the development and progression of NAFLD.At present,the role of TLR4 in the onset of NAFLD is highly valued by clinical doctors.This paper reviews the structure of TLR4, the composition of TLR4 signaling pathway,the regulation of TLR4 expression,the function of TLR4,and the relationship between TLR4 and NAFLD,suggesting that TLR4 signaling pathway is going to be an important research field in the treatment of NAFLD in the future.