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[目的]研究乌鲁木齐南部山区不同土地利用类型下土壤螨类群落结构特征及季节动态变化规律,为开展人类活动对市郊旅游胜地土壤环境质量影响的生物学评价提供科学依据。[方法]采用常规野外采样方法和改良的Tullgren分离法对该山区针叶林、山地草原、阔叶林、山地灌木林、山地耕地及居民点6种不同生境土壤螨类群落结构特征、季节动态及其与环境要素的关系进行分析。[结果]共获得土壤螨类7 135只,隶属蜱螨亚纲的4亚目57科87属,其中甲螨亚目5 785只54属38科,占总采集量的81.08%;中气门亚目1 077只19属14科,占总采集量的15.09%;前气门亚目270只4属4科,占总采集量的3.78%;无气门亚目3只1属1科,占总采集量的0.04%。其中,小奥甲螨属为优势类群,占总捕获量螨类的10.06%,盖头甲螨属和真前翼甲螨属为亚优势属,占总捕获量的12.27%。礼服甲螨属、滑缝甲螨属、珠足甲螨属、洼甲螨属和懒甲螨属等35属为常见类群,占总捕获量的76.73%;优势类群和常见类群共占总数量的98.96%。广缝甲螨属、龙足甲螨属、卷甲螨属、沙足甲螨属和缰板鳃甲螨属等19属均为稀有类群,仅占总捕获量的0.94%。土壤螨类个体数和类群数组成在不同生境、不同土层以及不同季节间具有显著差异(P<0.05)。其中,个体数的水平分布依次为针叶林>山地灌木林>山地草原>山地耕地>阔叶林>居民地;垂直分布具有明显的表聚性,即表层>中层>下层。个体数量的季节变化依次为秋季>冬季>夏季>春季。[结论]该山区不同生境土壤螨类群落组成及时空分布动态之间均存在显著差异(P<0.05),这与植被类型、土壤环境因素及人为干扰程度等有关。
[Objective] The study aimed to study the structural characteristics and seasonal dynamics of soil mite community under different land use types in the southern mountainous area of Urumqi, and provide a scientific basis for the biological evaluation of the impact of human activities on the environmental quality of the suburb tourist resort. [Method] The community structure characteristics and seasonal dynamics of soil mites in 6 different habitats of coniferous forests, mountain grasslands, broadleaf forests, mountain shrubs, mountainous areas and settlements were studied by routine field sampling and modified Tullgren separation. And its relationship with environmental factors for analysis. [Result] A total of 7 135 soil mites were found, belonging to 87 subfamilies of 57 subfamilies, 57 subfamilies of Acari, of which 5 785 moths belonging to 54 genera and 38 families accounted for 81.08% of the total. 1 077 only 19 genera 14 families, accounting for 15.09% of the total collection; 270 before the valve subfamily 4 4 families, accounting for 3.78% of the total collection; no valve sub-3 1 genus 1 Division, the total acquisition 0.04% of the amount. Among them, Elaeagnus was the dominant species, accounting for 10.06% of the total mites. The Acarina and Erianthus were the dominant genera, accounting for 12.27% of the total. 35 genera of the genus Rhododendrimidae, Rhododendron moth, Rhododendronidae, and Lazococcus mites were the common groups, accounting for 76.73% of the total; the dominant groups and the common groups accounted for the total amount Of the 98.96%. Nineteen genera belonging to 19 genera such as Hirudidae, Rhododendronidae, Coleoptera, Scirpus, and Gillidae were all rare species, accounting for only 0.94% of the total catch. The number of individuals and groups of soil mites in different habitats, different soil layers and different seasons have significant differences (P <0.05). Among them, the horizontal distribution of individual number followed by coniferous forest> mountain shrub> mountain grassland> mountainous cultivated land> broadleaf forest> residential area; vertical distribution has obvious surface aggregation, that is, surface> middle> lower. The seasonal variation of the number of individuals followed by autumn> winter> summer> spring. [Conclusion] There was a significant difference (P <0.05) between the composition of soil mite community and the spatial and temporal distribution of soil mites in different habitats in this mountainous area, which was related to the vegetation types, soil environmental factors and human disturbance.