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从交易成本经济学视角分析,农民工与私营企业劳动关系的实质是市场化的劳动交易关系,劳动交易的目标在于节约交易成本,提高交易效率。实证研究发现:农民工与私营企业劳动交易特征主要表现为农民工人力资产专用性较低、劳动交易不确定性较低、劳动交易频率较低,劳动交易契约类型以古典、新古典契约为主;契约治理结构以双方、第三方治理为主;劳动交易契约类型与治理结构整体上匹配,交易效率较高;农民工年龄对劳动交易效率具有显著影响。提高农民工与私营企业劳动交易效率,应以优化劳动交易契约类型及治理结构为路径,强化农民工文化技能培训,提高农民工人力资产专用性;调整企业绩效考核制度,改善劳动交易不确定性;提升农民工组织化能力,适度提高劳动交易频率;完善劳动交易契约治理结构,增强契约治理效能。
From the perspective of transaction cost economics, the essence of the labor relationship between migrant workers and private-owned enterprises is the market-based labor transaction relationship. The goal of labor transaction is to save transaction costs and improve transaction efficiency. The empirical study shows that the characteristics of labor transaction between migrant workers and private enterprises are mainly manifested as the low specificity of migrant workers’ human assets, the low uncertainty of labor transaction, the low labor transaction frequency and the contractual types of labor transaction with classical and neoclassical contracts ; The structure of contractual governance is mainly dominated by both parties and the third party; the type of contract of labor transaction is overall matched with the governance structure, and the transaction efficiency is high; and the age of migrant workers has a significant effect on the labor transaction efficiency. To improve the efficiency of labor transactions between migrant workers and private enterprises, we should optimize the labor contract type and governance structure as the path to strengthen training of migrant workers ’cultural skills and improve the specificity of migrant workers’ human assets; adjust the enterprise performance appraisal system and improve the uncertainty of labor transaction ; Improve the organizational capacity of migrant workers, moderately increase the frequency of labor transactions; perfect the contractual management structure of labor and trade transactions and enhance the efficiency of contractual management.