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发展一种新的方法用来提高口腔癌的诊断和治疗效果,建立能够模拟人类口腔鳞癌自然发生的动物模型是必需的,应用4-硝基喹啉-1-氧化物(4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide,4NQO)诱导SD大鼠舌黏膜鳞癌是一种可靠的方法。水溶性喹啉衍生物4NQO可以形成DNA加成物,引起碱基的改变(G→A)或丢失突变。但4NQO要发挥这种诱变剂作用,需要在4NQO还原酶作用下将4NQO转化成4-羟氨基喹啉-1-氧化物及4-乙酰基喹啉-1-氧化物(4-AAQO),4-AAQO能够以共价键的方式结合到核酸上并破坏染色体的结构,进一步影响抑癌基因和癌基因表达。动物舌根黏膜该酶含量较高,所以可以靶向性在舌根形成癌。饮水中很低剂量的4NQO便可特异性在舌根形成癌,其形成过程和形态学变化都和人的口腔鳞癌发生过程十分相似,该模型是研究口腔癌发生和癌变机制的理想模型。
The development of a new method to improve the diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer, the establishment of animal models that can simulate the natural occurrence of human oral squamous cell carcinoma is necessary, the use of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-nitroquinoline- 1-oxide, 4NQO) induces squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in SD rats is a reliable method. Water-soluble quinoline derivatives 4NQO can form DNA adducts, causing changes in base (G → A) or loss of mutation. But 4NQO to play this mutagenic role, the need to 4NQO reductase 4NQO conversion 4-hydroxyquinoline-1-oxide and 4-acetyl quinoline-1-oxide (4-AAQO) , 4-AAQO can covalently bind to the nucleic acid and destroy the structure of the chromosome, further affecting tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. Animal tongue mucosa of the enzyme content is high, it can target the formation of cancer in the base of the tongue. Low dose of 4NQO in drinking water can specifically form cancer in the base of tongue, and its formation process and morphological changes are very similar to those of human oral squamous cell carcinoma. This model is an ideal model to study the mechanism of oral carcinogenesis and carcinogenesis.