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文章梳理了不同的区别特征学说,在此基础上初步地描述了维吾尔语的音位。通过对维吾尔语音位系统的研究,认为对维吾尔语音位系统起作用的区别特征项总共有13对,这13对区别特征项目综合起来构成了现代维吾尔语音位的基本框架。凡是负荷量大的特征就是在某种语言的音系中真正起作用的区别特征;而负荷量小的特征是属于羡余特征,且和这种语言的自然类和音系格局无关。由此可知,前后、清浊是维吾尔语辅音的显著区别特征,而送气、不送气是羡余特征;前后、圆唇性以及音节性等特点是维吾尔语元音的区别特征。
The article combs different distinctive features of the theory, on this basis, initially described the Uyghur language. Through the study of the Uyghur phonemes system, there are 13 pairs of distinguishing features that are considered to work on the Uyghur phoneme system. These 13 pairs of distinguishing features make up the basic frame of modern Uyghur phonemes. Any feature that is heavily loaded is a distinguishing feature that actually works in the phonology of a language; while a feature that is less heavily loaded is an amateur feature that has nothing to do with the natural class and phonology of the language. Thus, before and after, voicing is a significant difference between the Uyghur consonant features, and aspirated, non-aspirant characteristics; before and after, round lip and syllables and other characteristics of the distinctive features of Uyghur vowels.