溶剂萃取是很早就应用于分析化学中的分离技术,随着核科学技术的发展,人类对核燃料在数量及质量上的要求不断提高,从而推动了这门不算新的分离科学与技术有了很大的发展。溶剂萃取技术不仅能从低品位矿石中提取及纯化铀,而且能从核反应后的混合物中实现铀后元素的分离。此外,从反应堆材料中除去中子吸收截面大的元素,它也发挥很大作用,所以为当年“两弹一星”的研制及当今核工业的发展均立下汗马功劳。由于溶剂萃取的特点是能从含量较低的溶液中分离及富集性能相似的元素或化合物,所以它目前还能在我国一系列重要战略金属的分离与生产中发挥很好的作用,如从包头的氟碳铈镧矿或赣南的稀土离子矿中分离单一稀土,主要是依靠溶剂萃取法;又如金川的钻的提取及贵金属的分离、江西铜矿从堆浸液或残液中回收铜,溶剂萃取法的工业应用均获得了良好的技术与经济指标。我国西部不仅是我国重要的有色金属基地,如上所述的稀土、钴、镍及贵金属均在西部。特别应该强调的是那里还有极其丰富的青海盐湖资源,我国老一辈化学家已在盐湖作了大量基础性工作。笔者认为从盐湖中提取锂是一件很有意义的工作,特别是溴化锂应用,卤化锂在转型反应过程中的热力学特性可作大 Solvent extraction is a separation technology that has long been used in analytical chemistry. With the development of nuclear science and technology, the quantity and quality of nuclear fuel in the world are constantly increasing, thus promoting this not-new separation science and technology. Great development. Solvent extraction not only extracts and purifies uranium from low-grade ore, but also separates uranium from the post-uranium mixture. In addition, it also played a significant role in removing elements with large neutron absorption cross-sections from the reactor materials. Therefore, the development of the “two bombs and one satellite” and the development of today’s nuclear industry have played a significant role. Solvent extraction can play a very good role in the separation and production of a series of important strategic metals in our country because of its ability to separate and enrich elements or compounds with similar properties from the lower concentration solutions. Baotou bastnaesite or rare earth ions in southern Jiangxi mine isolated a single rare earth, mainly relying on solvent extraction; another example Jinchuan drilling extraction and precious metals separation, Jiangxi Copper mine heap leachate or residue recovery Copper, solvent extraction of industrial applications have received good technical and economic indicators. The western part of our country is not only an important non-ferrous metal base in China, but rare earths, cobalt, nickel and precious metals as mentioned above are all in the west. In particular, it should be emphasized that there is still an extremely rich resource of Qinghai Salt Lake. Chemists of the older generation in our country have made a great deal of basic work in Salt Lake. I believe that the extraction of lithium from the salt lake is a very meaningful work, especially the lithium bromide application, the thermodynamic properties of lithium halide in the transition reaction can be made large