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一種文化,一種文明,多有對於幸福與美好生活的追求。當然也會有禁欲、壓制與更多地强調犧牲、把美好夢想寄托彼岸的講求,還有宣揚顛覆、仇恨、“聖戰”的激越。前者壓制,是爲了精神純潔與神聖化,是道德完滿的代價,或是爲了死後另一個世界的無限幸福;後者顛覆,則是由於對現存秩序與文化主流的否定與絶望。歸根結蒂,文化的追求在於光明、幸福、美好、正義、“天國”。孔子説顏回是:“惜乎!吾見其進也,未見其止也。”這也是夫子自道。尼釆的説法則是:“理想主義者是不可救藥的:如果他被扔出了他的天堂,他會再制造出一個理想的地獄。”
A culture, a civilization, and more for the pursuit of happiness and a better life. Of course, there will be abstinence, repression and emphasis on sacrificing more, placing the beautiful dream on the other side of the emphasis, as well as the promotion of subversion, hatred, “Jihad ”. The former repression is for spiritual purity and sanctification, the price of perfect morality, or the infinite happiness of another world after death; the latter is subversive because of the negation and despair of the existing order and mainstream culture. In the final analysis, the pursuit of culture lies in light, happiness, beauty, justice, and “heaven.” Confucius said Yan Hui is: “I almost! I see its into, not only its also. ” This is also the master himself. Nietzsche’s argument is: “Idealism is hopeless: if he is thrown out of his paradise, he will create an ideal hell again.” "