中国的环境许可立法虽有显著完善,但不改薄弱之现状。目前急需采取措施以帮助中国建立一项有效的环境许可制度。许可证在上世纪80年代后半期首次引入中国,但是在接下来的近三十年中,其主要充当排放报告制度的补充措施,而非一项污染治理政策。2014年至2015年间,中国两部环境保护和污染防治的基础法律被修订,尤其是在法律责任和公众参与方面进步明显。尽管如此,这两项法规并没有保障中国环境许可制度的有效实施。通过分析中国现行环境许可的法律和政策工具的优缺点,以及考查欧盟和美国许可制度的基本特征,本文旨在确定中国决策者为建立有效环境许可制度整体框架所应采取的重要措施。因此,在本文中,笔者认为应该制定并实施一个适应中国现状及需求的特别许可框架,并且可以从三个关键措施出发:整合现有政策工具出台专门法规;明确各级政府职责;加强企业责任追究。如果被适用,这些措施可能会大大有助于弥补中国环境许可立法的主要缺陷,从而为中国综合推行环境许可制度提供一个更加精简且兼具效率的框架。 Although China’s environmental permitting legislation has been significantly improved, it does not change its status quo. There is an urgent need to take measures to help China establish an effective environmental permit system. The permit was introduced to China for the first time in the second half of the 1980s, but for the next thirty years it mainly served as a supplement to the emissions reporting system rather than as a pollution control policy. Between 2014 and 2015, the two basic laws on environmental protection and pollution prevention in China were revised, especially in terms of legal responsibilities and public participation. However, these two laws do not guarantee the effective implementation of China’s environmental permit system. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of the current legal and policy tools for environmental permitting in China and examining the basic characteristics of EU and US licensing systems, this article aims to identify the important steps China’s policy makers should take to establish an overall framework for an effective environmental permit system. Therefore, in this article, I think that we should formulate and implement a special permit framework to adapt to China’s current situation and needs, and we can proceed from three key measures: the integration of existing policy tools to introduce special regulations; clarify the responsibilities of government at all levels; strengthen corporate responsibility Investigated. If applied, these measures may greatly help to remedy major deficiencies in China’s environmental permitting legislation, thus providing a more streamlined and efficient framework for China’s comprehensive environmental permitting system.