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目的:探讨老年人(年龄≥60岁)结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤(lateral spreading tumors,LST)合并高级别上皮内瘤变(high grade intraepithelial neoplasm,HGIN)或癌变的相关危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月—2019年6月在福建省立医院经内镜诊断并治疗的212例年龄≥60岁的LST患者临床资料,分析病变病理性质与患者的一般临床特征(年龄、性别、体重指数、吸烟史、饮酒史、基础疾病、服用抗凝药物情况、血脂情况、癌胚抗原水平)及内镜下表现(大小、部位、形态等)的相关性,并分析总结老年人LST合并HGIN或癌变的相关危险因素。结果:纳入的212例患者男119例、女93例,年龄(68.76±6.37)岁,病灶大小(26.10±15.64)mm,内镜治疗204例(96.2%),外科治疗8例(3.8%),内镜下治愈性切除率99.5%(203/204)。术后病理提示HGIN占34.9%(74/212),癌变占7.6%(16/212)。单因素Logistic回归分析显示,患者的年龄、性别、体重指数、吸烟史、饮酒史、基础疾病、是否服用抗凝药、血脂情况、癌胚抗原水平均不是LST合并HGIN或癌变的相关危险因素(n P>0.05),病灶大小(n P<0.001)、病灶位置(n P=0.002)、病灶形态(n P0.05). Lesion size (n P<0.001), location (n P=0.002), and morphology (n P<0.001) were risk factors. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the lesion size ≥20 mm (n P=0.001), granule mixed type (n P=0.020, n OR=2.624, 95%n CI: 1.161-5.933) or pseudo depressed type in morphology (n P=0.012, n OR=10.009, 95%n CI: 1.667-60.080) were the risk factors for LST combined with HGIN or cancerization in the elderly.n Conclusion:The lesion size and morphology are the independent risk factors for LST combined with HGIN or cancerization in aged patients (age≥60 years), so more attention should be paid to colonoscopy and early intervention.