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对西太平洋、中太平洋、委内瑞拉、科西嘉、青岛等5个地区降水中化学组分进行了相对分析和描述。认识到:各种化学组分因其在整个地球水循环中的行为和来源不同而影响其在降水中的浓度,其中Ca在降水中的浓度很大程度上受陆源物质影响;NaCl主要来自海洋,即其含量主要决定于降水对海盐气溶胶冲刷程度;SO_4~(2-)含量的增高是由于人为污染物质及火山喷发等的贡献;NO_3~-主要来源于天然及人为污染物中的NO_x,H_2SO_4及HNO_3的存在是产生酸雨的主要因素,而CaCO_(3-)CO_3~(2-)体系对酸雨有缓冲能力,可使pH升高,NH_3的加入有利于缓解酸雨。
The chemical composition of precipitation in five areas of the western Pacific, central Pacific Ocean, Venezuela, Corsica, Qingdao were analyzed and described comparatively. It is recognized that various chemical components affect their concentration in precipitation due to their different behaviors and sources throughout the earth’s water cycle. The concentration of Ca in precipitation is greatly affected by terrestrial sources; NaCl mainly comes from the ocean, The content of SO_4 ~ (2-) is mainly due to the contribution of anthropogenic pollutants and volcanic eruptions. NO_3 ~ - mainly comes from NO_x of natural and man-made pollutants, The existence of H_2SO_4 and HNO_3 is the main factor to produce acid rain. However, CaCO_ (3-) CO_3 ~ (2-) system has a buffering capacity against acid rain, which can increase the pH, and the addition of NH_3 is good for alleviating acid rain.