从天生到人成——荀子的天生人成与尊群体思想论析

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荀子的“天生人成”观点,与其说强调某种天地创造或纯粹意义的宇宙秩序,倒不如说更强调第二次的世界创造问题。这里所说的第二次的世界创造问题,意味着文化上的组织体或群体的创造。从荀子的立场来看,自然形成的原始的“群居”形式只是停留于“天生”状态的阶段而已,即根据人的本性自然建构的原始“群居”组织,由于人的利欲心的泛滥和冲突,导致社会陷入混乱。荀子认为社会动乱之根源在于“群而无分”。他根据辨、分、义的理智精神来节制、改造人的自然欲求以建立群体的统一的秩序,此亦为“天生人成”精神所发挥的。荀子从尊群体的礼义之统中显示出“人之所以为人”的理智精神和“天生人成”的文化精神。从整个哲学内涵看,荀子哲学的最高目标是要建立一个“正理平治、至平大隆”的社会与国家。 Xunzi’s view of “born of being a human being” is not so much as stressing the universal order of creation or pure meaning of certain kinds of heaven and earth, but stresses more on the second issue of world creation. The second issue of world creation, here, means the creation of cultural organizations or groups. From the standpoint of Xunzi, the primitive form of “group ” formed by nature is only the stage standing in the state of “natural ”, that is, the primitive “group ” organization naturally constructed according to human nature, The floods and conflicts in the heart of Liby have caused the society to plunge into chaos. Xunzi believes that the root cause of social unrest lies in “group without division ”. He restrained and adapted man’s natural desires in order to establish a unified order of the community according to the rational spirit of discrimination, division and righteousness. This was also played by the spirit of “being a human being”. Xunzi, from the righteousness and righteousness of the group, shows the intellectual spirit of “the reason why man is human” and the cultural spirit of “born man”. Viewed from the whole philosophical connotation, the highest goal of Xunzi’s philosophy is to establish a society and a country that is “just going to peace and peace.”
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