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有一种演绎推理,被不少的逻辑学专著命名为“二难推理”或“假言选言推理”,并给出如下的或类似如下的定义:“二难推理是由一个包含两个选言肢的选言判断和两个假言判断构成的假言选言推理。”这个定义有可取之处:从构成方面部分地揭示了这种推理的特征:一般来说,用此定义也可以把这种推理与其他推理区别开来。但是,不论是对这种推理的命名还是对这种推理所下的定义,都还有不甚妥当的地方。本文拟就这两个问题以及与这两个问题有关的其他问题谈点粗浅的看法,以求得专家们的斧正。
There is a kind of deductive reasoning, which is named as “dilemma reasoning” or “hypothesis prepositioning reasoning” by many logical monographs and gives the following or similar definition as follows: “The dilemma reasoning consists of a sentence containing two choices The prepositional assertion of speech, and the hypothetical prepositional reasoning of two hypothetical judgments. ”There is a merit in this definition: it partially reveals the characteristics of this reasoning in terms of composition: in general, it is also possible to use this definition Differ this reasoning from other reasoning. However, neither the naming of such reasoning nor the definition of such reasoning are still inadequate. This article is intended to give a superficial view of these two issues and other issues related to these two issues in order to achieve the correct answers of experts.