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选用籼粳交组合(晚轮422×沈农265)F2为试材,分别在四川、上海、辽宁同年种植,研究在不同生态条件下穗部性状和程氏指数的变化趋势以及二者的关系。结果表明:在四川和上海穗较长、2次枝梗数较多、结实率较低并且与着粒密度呈极显著负相关,而在辽宁穗较短、1次枝梗数较多、结实率较高并且与着粒密度关系不显著。从北到南,程氏指数、叶毛、1-2穗节长、抽穗时壳色和子粒长宽比均呈偏粳分布,并且偏粳程度呈增加趋势。程氏指数与穗颈弯曲度相关性在各地区均未达显著水平;在四川与着粒密度呈显著负相关,与结实率和千粒重呈显著正相关;在上海与结实率呈显著正相关;在辽宁与着粒密度、1次枝梗数、2次枝梗数、粒数呈极显著负相关,与穗长呈显著正相关。因此,水稻超高产育种必须根据生态条件的差异合理地将协调穗部结构与亚种间杂交优缺点互补相结合。
The F2 and F2 combinations of indica and japonica crosses (Wanlun 422 × Shennong 265) were used as experimental materials and cultivated in Sichuan, Shanghai and Liaoning in the same year respectively to study the change trend of ear traits and Cheng’s index under different ecological conditions and the relationship between the two . The results showed that spike was longer in Sichuan and Shanghai, with more secondary branches, lower seed setting rate, and significantly negative correlation with grain densities. However, in Liaoning, spikes were shorter and number of primary branches was more, High and no significant relationship with grain density. From north to south, the Cheng’s index, leaf hairs, 1-2 spike length, shell color and grain length-width ratio at heading stage showed a partial japonica distribution, and the degree of partial japonica showed an increasing trend. The correlation between Cheng’s index and panicle neck curvature did not reach significant level in all regions; there was a significant negative correlation between grain-density and seed-setting density in Sichuan, significant positive correlation with seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, significant positive correlation with seed setting rate in Shanghai, In Liaoning, grain density, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches and grain number were extremely significantly negatively correlated with spike length. Therefore, it is necessary for the super-high-yielding rice breeding to rationally combine the coordination panicle structure with the advantages and disadvantages of subspecies hybrids according to the differences in ecological conditions.