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目的探讨我国中、小学生坚果摄入现状及其与肥胖发生的关联。方法 2012年11月,采用方便样本整群抽样的方法选取北京、湖南、宁夏3个省市的城市和农村中、小学校19所,使用自填式结构问卷收集学生过去一周食用坚果的情况(一周几把)。通过学校体检记录和现场测量两种方式获得身高、体重数据,采用生物电阻抗体成分测量仪MC-980(TANITA,中国广州东莞百利达健康器材有限公司生产)测量部分超重肥胖儿童的体脂肪率。采用多因素Logistic回归方法,在控制地区、城乡、性别、年级、父母受教育程度和家庭经济情况等因素的影响后,分析坚果摄入行为与肥胖发生的关系。结果 4 164名9~18岁儿童少年提供合格问卷。平均年龄(13.2±2.4)岁,平均体质指数(body mass index,BMI)(21.0±4.5)kg/m2。超重肥胖者占36.3%,超重肥胖儿童平均体脂率(fat%):(35.2±7.8)%。过去一周吃过坚果的比例为70.3%。儿童过去一周没吃坚果者超重肥胖发生率明显高于吃坚果者(P<0.05),而每天吃坚果的多少与肥胖发生率未见明显剂量-反应关系(P>0.05)。Logistic多元回归分析结果发现:每天摄入坚果1把及以上,发生超重肥胖的危险性是过去一周没吃坚果学生的0.75倍(95%CI:0.61~0.92)。结论不吃坚果是儿童少年发生超重肥胖的独立危险因素。
Objective To explore the status quo of nuts intake among primary and secondary school students in China and their association with obesity. Methods In November 2012, 19 samples of primary and secondary schools in urban and rural areas from 3 provinces and municipalities in Beijing, Hunan and Ningxia were selected by cluster sampling method to collect students’ eating nuts in the past week (self-contained structure questionnaire for one week A few). Body height and weight data were obtained through physical examination records and on-site measurements, and the body fat percentage of some overweight and obese children was measured by using a bioelectrical resistance component measuring instrument MC-980 (TANITA, Guangzhou, China, Baileida Health Equipment Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China) . Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between nutation and obesity after controlling for factors such as regional, urban and rural areas, gender, grade, parental education and family economic status. Results A total of 4 164 adolescents aged 9-18 years were provided with qualified questionnaires. The mean age was (13.2 ± 2.4) years and the mean body mass index (BMI) was (21.0 ± 4.5) kg / m2. Overweight and obesity accounted for 36.3%, overweight children average fat percentage (fat%): (35.2 ± 7.8)%. The proportion of nuts eaten in the past week was 70.3%. The incidence of overweight and obesity among children who ate without nuts in the past week was significantly higher than that of those who ate nuts (P <0.05). There was no significant dose-response relationship between the number of nuts and obesity (P> 0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis found that the risk of overweight and obesity when taking 1 or more nuts per day was 0.75 times (95% CI: 0.61 to 0.92) for non-nut-eating students in the past week. Conclusion Eating nuts is an independent risk factor for overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.