下呼吸道感染是儿科常见且严重危害儿童健康的呼吸道疾病,也是当今世界发病率和病死率较高的疾病之一。因为抗生素的广泛使用、耐药菌的产生可能造成下呼吸道感染难以控制,所以了解并熟悉下呼吸道感染的病原学对其诊断和治疗非常重要。 Lower respiratory tract infection is a common pediatric and serious harm to children’s respiratory diseases, is also one of the morbidity and mortality in the world today. Because of the widespread use of antibiotics, the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria can make it difficult to control lower respiratory tract infections, so understanding and familiarizing with the aetiology of lower respiratory tract infections is important for their diagnosis and treatment.