目的了解安徽省农村居民的健康素养现状,找出其健康素养的薄弱环节,为制定健康传播、健康促进等措施提供实证依据。方法按照安徽省农村地区的地域特点及经济发展水平,分层随机抽取3个样本县中16~70岁的农村居民进行问卷调查。结果调查对象健康素养综合得分平均为(52.3±12.8)分;不同年龄、职业、文化程度、收入水平的被调查者健康素养水平存在统计学差异;按维度分,健康知识和理念、健康行为和健康技能各维度平均得分分别为(19.3±6.5)分、(22.7±6.4)分和(10.3±3.1)分;按知识模块分,科学健康观素养、传染病预防素养、慢性病预防素养、安全与急救素养以及基本医疗素养平均得分分别为(1.9±1.3)分、(11.4±3.7)分、(5.5±2.7)分、(16.6±4.4)分和(10.5±3.8)分。结论年龄、文化程度、收入、职业是该地区农村居民健康素养的重要影响因素;农村居民健康观念亟待加强;居民慢性病预防素养较低,是影响慢性病防控效果的不利因素。 Objective To understand the status quo of health literacy of rural residents in Anhui Province, identify the weak links in their health literacy and provide evidences for the development of measures such as health promotion and health promotion. Methods According to the geographical features of rural areas in Anhui Province and the level of economic development, stratified random sampling of rural residents aged 16 to 70 in 3 sample counties for questionnaire survey. Results The average health literacy scores of the surveyed subjects were (52.3 ± 12.8) points. There were significant differences in the level of health literacy among respondents of different ages, occupations, educational level and income level. According to the dimensions, health knowledge and philosophy, health behaviors and (19.3 ± 6.5) points, (22.7 ± 6.4) points and (10.3 ± 3.1) points respectively in all dimensions of health skills. According to the knowledge module, scientific health outlook, prevention of infectious diseases, prevention of chronic diseases, safety and The average scores of first aid literacy and basic medical literacy were (1.9 ± 1.3) points, (11.4 ± 3.7) points, (5.5 ± 2.7) points, (16.6 ± 4.4) points and (10.5 ± 3.8) points respectively. Conclusion Age, educational level, income and occupation are the important factors affecting the health literacy of rural residents in this region. The concept of health of rural residents needs to be strengthened. The prevention of chronic diseases among residents is low, which is the unfavorable factor affecting the prevention and control of chronic diseases.