生理状态下,中枢神经系统中的谷氨酸大多位于突触前的囊泡中,在神经细胞除极释放后,也迅速回到囊泡中。然而,在缺血缺氧等病理条件下,谷氨酸过量释放并堆积在细胞外,启动称之为兴奋性毒性的神经细胞死亡。许多神经系统退行性疾病伴随有兴奋性毒性作用。从兴奋性毒性损伤到 Physiologically, most of the glutamate in the central nervous system is located in presynaptic vesicles, which rapidly return to the vesicles after the depolarization of nerve cells is released. However, under pathological conditions such as hypoxia and hypoxia, glutamate is released excessively and accumulates outside the cell, initiating the death of neuronal cells called excitotoxicity. Many neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by excitotoxic effects. From excitotoxic damage to