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日本七十年代的医师人力政策是增加医学院校数量与医学生的数量,以缓解医师短缺和分布不均造成的困难,在这个时期建立了34所医学院校。到八十年代中期,新毕业医师数量从每年4000名增加到8000名。为了检验这个政策的成就,分析了日本在1980～1990年期间3268个市镇人口的医师数量变化,全国医师总量增加了37%,每10万人口的医师数从127人增长到165人。但是,医师地理分布的洛伦茨(Lorenz)曲线与基尼(Gini)系数表明,医师分布不均问题并未改善,3万人口以上的市镇医师比例较高,而绝大多数1万人口以下的社区医师比例偏低。日本政府应该转变政策,不但要考虑规划未来的医师人力供给,而且更需要设计一个缓解医师分布不均的政策。
Japan’s doctor’s manpower policy in the 1970s was to increase the number of medical colleges and the number of medical students in order to alleviate the difficulties caused by the shortage of doctors and the uneven distribution. In this period, 34 medical schools were established. By the mid-1980s, the number of new graduate doctors increased from 4,000 to 8,000 annually. In order to test the achievements of this policy, the number of physicians in the 3268 municipalities in Japan during the 1980-1990 period was analyzed. The total number of physicians in the country increased by 37%, and the number of physicians per 100,000 population increased from 127 to 165. However, the Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient of geographical distribution of physicians indicate that the problem of maldistribution among physicians has not improved, and the proportion of municipal physicians above 30,000 is higher, while the vast majority of the population below 10,000. The proportion of community doctors is low. The Japanese government should change its policies. It must not only consider planning for the future supply of physician human resources, but also need to design a policy that eases the maldistribution of physicians.