黑热病是由杜氏利什曼原虫无鞭毛体寄生在包括人类在内的哺乳动物的巨噬细胞而引起的人畜共患寄生虫病,经白蛉传播[1]。主要临床特征为长期不规则发热、消瘦、进行性肝脾肿大、全血细胞减少和白/球蛋白倒置等。黑热病曾流行于我国长江以北的省(市)、自治区[2]。1958年以后,主要流行区(华北、华东)已基本消灭此病,但近些年来,陕西、山西、内蒙古等省有少数散发患者,新疆、甘肃、四川等省出现了明显的回升。每年新发生的病例数大致 Kala-azar is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by parasites of Leishmania donovani malaria parasites in macrophages of mammals, including humans, and is transmitted via catfish [1]. The main clinical features of irregular long-term fever, weight loss, progressive hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia and white / globulin inversion. Kala-azar had been prevalent in the provinces (cities) and autonomous regions north of the Yangtze River in our country [2]. After 1958, the major epidemic areas (North China and East China) have basically eradicated the disease. However, in recent years, there have been a few cases of sporadic patients in Shaanxi, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia provinces, with obvious rebound in Xinjiang, Gansu and Sichuan provinces. The number of new cases occurring each year is roughly the same