近十年来,锡的冶炼成本和价格已发生了巨大的变化,特别是与主要物料、工资、能耗和锡精矿质量有关的成本和价格。因此,对于锡冶金学的经典概念也日益成为争论的问题。联系到还原前或还原后除杂质的问题,讨论了还原前加工步骤(例如焙烧)的发展方向。强调了氯化焙烧、氧化一还原焙烧的重要性,通过再焙烧使杂质进一步富集到烟尘中,锡返回主流程。熔炼方面倾向于一次电炉还原熔炼,用烟化法处理初渣,以及对于高Nb—Ta—W精矿用二次电炉熔炼处理。最重要的精炼步骤是降温熔析,以及利用离心分离和真空蒸馏,在特殊情况下,熔锅精炼和电解精炼也还是必要的。这里用“多金属复杂矿”这个名词来表示锡精矿,指明除锡外,还含有通过转变成一种中间产品后被进一步处理的其他有价组分。对于这些精矿所含的杂质,都必须在生产流程中插进一些特殊处理方法予以除去。在这种情况下,铁不作为精矿的一种关键组分,因为锡铁分离已不再成为主要问题。 Over the past decade, the cost and price of smelting have changed dramatically, especially with regard to the cost and price of the main materials, wages, energy consumption and the quality of the tin concentrate. Therefore, the classical concepts of tin metallurgy are increasingly becoming controversial issues. In connection with the problem of removing impurities before or after reduction, the development of the processing steps before reduction (for example roasting) is discussed. The importance of chlorination roasting and oxidation-reduction roasting is emphasized. The impurities are further enriched in soot by re-roasting, and the tin is returned to the main process. Smelting tends to a reduction furnace smelting, fuming method with the initial slag, and high Nb-Ta-W concentrate with a secondary electric smelting treatment. The most important refining steps are cooling and melting, as well as the use of centrifugal separation and vacuum distillation, in special cases, the melting pot and electrolytic refining is still necessary. Here, the term “polymetallic complex ore” is used to denote tin concentrates, indicating that in addition to tin, there are other valuable components that are further treated by conversion to an intermediate product. For these impurities contained in the concentrate, must be inserted in the production process to remove some special handling methods. In this case, iron is not a key component of concentrates, as tin and iron separation is no longer a major issue.