弓形虫是一种重要的机会性致病原虫,是艾滋病患者常见的一种机会性感染寄生虫,其感染率占全部机会性感染的10%~30%。通常根据基因型的不同将弓形虫分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型,HIV感染者感染的弓形虫多为Ⅰ型,Ⅰ型弓形虫与其它类型弓形虫的致病性有很大差异,造成差异的根本原因是致病基因的不同,这些差异基因主要包括SAG1、SAG2、B1等。该文从弓形虫感染现状、伴随感染弓形虫的主要类型和各个类型之间的差异基因等方面,阐述HIV感染者弓形虫伴随感染的分子流行病学状况。 Toxoplasma gondii is an important opportunistic pathogenic protozoan, an opportunistic parasitic infection of AIDS patients, its infection rate accounts for 10% to 30% of all opportunistic infections. Toxoplasma gondii usually divided into type I, type II and type III according to different genotypes. The majority of Toxoplasma gondii infected with HIV were Type I, the pathogenicity of Toxoplasma gondii was very different from other types of Toxoplasma gondii, The root cause of the difference is the different pathogenic genes, these differences mainly include genes SAG1, SAG2, B1 and so on. This article describes the molecular epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in HIV-infected patients from the aspects of the current status of Toxoplasma gondii infection, the main types of Toxoplasma gondii associated with Toxoplasma gondii, and the differences between various genotypes.