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矿山地质条件、采矿技术条件的巨大差异、采矿的发展与加深、岩体物理力学性质的很大变化、应力场中水平分量高出竖向分量,以及一系列其它因素,促使矿山压力以动力形式表现为不同强度的冲击地压(射出、震动、微冲及真正的冲击地压)。在矿压显现的不同阶段上,表征岩体和矿石冲击危险性的外部特征是它的强烈的颤动和脱皮。为了及时预测和防止煤矿及金属矿山上的这些现象,全苏矿山测量和岩石力学研究院(以下简称ВНИМИ)编制了一套冲击地压危险区的区域性和局部性的监测方法。
Mining geological conditions, the huge differences in mining technology conditions, the development and deepening of mining, rock mass physical and mechanical properties of the great changes in the horizontal component of the stress field higher than the vertical component, and a series of other factors that led to the mine pressure in dynamic form The performance of different intensities of the impact pressure (injection, vibration, micro-blasts and the real impact of pressure). The external characterization of the rock and mineral impact hazard at different stages of rock pressure manifestation is its intense quivering and peeling. In order to timely predict and prevent these phenomena in coal mines and metal mines, the Institute of Surveying and Rock Mechanics of the All-Russia Institute of Mining and Rock Mechanics (hereinafter referred to as ВНИМИ) has developed a set of regional and local monitoring methods for the dangerous areas of rockburst.